 |
|
|
|
 |
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| |
|
| Pineal Gland |
|
| |
|
 |
Diverticulum of ependyma in the roof of 3rd ventricle between habenular and post commissures Recesses
Blood supply
•Part of Circumventricular organs
•Posterior choroidal artery
•Drainage: internal cerebral veins; basal veiinns of Rosenthl; vein Galen s andinus recti
|
Functions •Antigonadotrophic: delayed pubescence and precocious puberty
•Neuroendocrine transducer
•Control endocrine activity- thyrotropin RH; LHRH, somatostatin
•Endocrnie gland: melatonin, serotonin, norepinephrine by sympathetic neurones
• Biological clock mechanisms: circadian rhythms |
|
| Applied anatomy | |
Tumors can compress the pineal gland and lead to various presentations such as: •Aqueductal compression obstructive hydrocephalus: H,N V •Superior colliculus- infiltration/ compression: vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud`s syndrome), pupillary or oculomotor nerve paresis
•Posterior commisure: consensual light reflex •periaqueductal gray region: mydriasis, convergence spasm, pupillary inequality, and convergence or retractory nystagmus
•Ventral midbrain: impairment of downgaze
superior cerebellar peduncle- ataxia and dysmetria •Endocrine malfunctions
–Pseudoprecautious puberty caused by beta human chorionic gonadotropin- bhCG
–Secondary amenorrhea in over 12year old girls
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|