Neurovascular structures of the foot.

The planter vessels:

The medial and lateral planter arteries are derived from the posterior tibial artery deep to the flexor retinaculum.

The arteries are accompanied by vena committantes.

Lie between the first and second muscle layers.

They anastomose to form arterial plantar arch

Note:

• The veins that accompany the perforating arteries take blood from the sole and interosseus muscles to the dorsal venous arch.
• The veins among the planter muscles act as a “sole pump”, which aids the “soleal pump” of the posterior compartment of the calf.

Medial and lateral planter nerves branches of tibial nerve:

The medial planter nerve supplies:

• Abductor hallucis,
• Flexor digitorum brevis,
• Flexor hallucis brevis
• First lumbrical.
• Sensory innervation to the medial three and a half toes

Lateral cutaneous branch communicates with the lateral planter digital branch.

The Lateral planter nerve supplies:

• Flexor accessoriuss
• Abductor digiti minimi,
• Flexor digiti minimi,
• Interossei,
• Adductor hallucis,
• Medial 3 lumbricals
• Skin over the lateral 1 1/2 digits.