External anatomy of the base of brain

 

Structures identifiable on the ventral surface of the base of brain include:

  • Optic chiasma, optic tracts.

  • Mamilary bodies, infundibulum

  • Crus cerebri, oculomotor nerve attachment.

  • Basilar part of pons.

  • Pyramids, olivary eminence.
 
 
The Cranial Nerves

No

Name

 

Main supply area

Function

1

Olfactory

 

Nasal Mucosa

Smell

2

Optic

 

Retina

Vision

3

Oculomotor

 

Eye muscles

Eye movements

4.

Trochlea

 

Eye muscles

Eye movements

5.

Trigeminal

Ophthalmic

Eye and forehead

Sensory

Maxillary

Face over maxilla

Sensory

Mandibular

Face over mandible Muscles of mastication

Sensory,Jaw movements

6

Abducens

 

Eye muscles

Eye Movements

7

Facial

 

Face muscles

Facial expression

8.

Vestibulocochlea

 

Inner ear

Hearing & balance

9

Glossopharyngeal

 

Tongue, pharynx

Sensory

10

Vagus

 

Larynx, Pharynx Thoracic and abdominal viscera

Motor, sensory and parasympathetic

11

Accessory

 

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

Neck movements

12

Hypoglossal

 

Tongue Muscles

Tongue Movements
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