Pelvic viscera |
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The rectum |
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Location
- True pelvis
- Extends From S3 to beyond tip of coccyx
Shape
- Follows the curves of the sacrum and coccyx
- S shaped in coronal section
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Peritoneal relations |
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- Superior 1/3rd covered anteriorly and laterally
- Middle 1/3rd is covered only anteriorly
- Inferior 1/3rd is not covered
- In male- rectovesical pouch
- In female- recto uterine pouch of Douglas
- The pouches permit rectal distention
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| Relations |
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Male |
Female |
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Anteriorly |
- Base of urinary bladder
- Terminal parts of ureter
- Ductus deferens
- Seminal vesicals
- Prostrate gland
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- Cervix
- Vagina
- Rectovaginal pouch
- Recto uterine pouch
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Posteriorly |
- Distal sacrum
- Coccyx
- Anococcygeal ligament
- Branches of superior rectal artery
- Termination of sympathetic chain
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Laterally |
- Sacral plexus
- Branches of internal iliac artery
- Piriformis muscle
- Ischiorectal fossa
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Blood supply |
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- Superior rectal artery a branch of inferior mesenteric artery
- Middle rectal arteries branches of internal iliac
- Inferior rectal arteries- branches of internal pudendal artery
- The veins correspond
- An important site for porto-systemic anastomosis
- The rectal venous plexus is joined to the vesical venous plexus and the utero vaginal plexus.
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Lymphatic drainage |
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- Para rectal lymph nodes- inferior mesenteric nodes from the superior part
- Inferior part- internal iliac, common iliac and aortic lymph nodes
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Innervation |
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- Autonomic from inferior hypogastric plexus
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